Buddha Purnima, also known as Vesak, commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and parinirvana (passing) of Gautama Buddha. It falls on the full moon day in the Hindu month of Vaishakha (April-May) and is observed by Buddhists worldwide. Marking Siddhartha Gautama's transformation into the Buddha under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya around the 6th century-BCE, the festival emphasizes themes of inner awakening, compassion, and the Middle Path teachings.

On Buddha Purnima, followers and monastic communities gather at temples and monasteries to recite the Tipitaka, chant mantras, and give sermons on the Buddha's life. Rituals include visiting sacred sites, making prostrations, lighting lamps, and offering flowers, sweets, and incense before Buddha statues. Many observe ethical precepts-abstaining from killing, stealing, and lying-for the day. In countries like Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Nepal, large processions, almsgiving to monks, and communal meals are central to celebrations. Educational talks and meditation sessions emphasize the Dharma's relevance for modern life.